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Wa: 2020-08-27 Hits: 46

ʻO ka lā 1 o Mei, International Workers' Day, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ka hakakā mōʻaukala o ka poʻe hana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a ʻike ʻia ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina. ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa. ʻO kēia ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lā hoʻomaha i ka makahiki 1880 i ka USA, pili i ke kaua no ka lā ʻewalu hola, a me nā anarchists Chicago.

Ua hoʻomaka ka paio no ka lā ʻewalu hola i ka makahiki 1860. I ka makahiki 1884, ua hoʻoholo ka Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, i 1881 (a hoʻololi i kona inoa i ka makahiki 1886 i American Federation of Labor) i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo e ʻōlelo ana "ʻewalu mau hola e lilo i lā hana kānāwai mai ka makahiki 1. a mahope iho o ka la 1886 o Mei, 1, a ke paipai nei makou i na hui hana a puni keia apana, e kuhikuhi lakou i ko lakou mau kanawai i kulike ai me keia olelo hooholo”. I ka makahiki aʻe, ua ʻōlelo hou ka Federation i ka ʻōlelo ʻana e hoʻomaka ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana ʻewalu hola i ka lā 1886 o Mei, 1. Me ka koi ʻia ʻana o nā limahana e hana i nā hola he ʻumi, ʻumikumamālua, a me ʻumikumamāhā o ka lā, ua ulu wikiwiki ke kākoʻo no ka neʻe ʻana o ka hola ʻewalu. . I nā mahina ma mua o ka lā 1886 o Mei, 22, ua huki ʻia nā tausani o nā limahana, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a hoʻonohonoho ʻole ʻia, nā lālā o ka hui Knights of Labor a me ka hui hui. ʻO Chicago ke kikowaena nui o ka haunaele no kahi lā pōkole. ʻO ka poʻe anarchist i ka mua o ka Central Labor Union o Chicago, he 1886 mau hui i ka makahiki XNUMX, ma waena o lākou ka ʻehiku nui loa ma ke kūlanakauhale.

I ka wā o ke kaʻaahi kaʻaahi o 1877, ua hoʻouka ʻia nā limahana e nā mākaʻi a me ka pūʻali koa ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi ʻano hana hoʻoweliweli aupuni e ka ʻoihana e hakakā i ka neʻe ʻewalu hola. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā mākaʻi a me ka National Guard a loaʻa iā lākou nā mea kaua hou a ikaika i kālā ʻia e nā alakaʻi ʻoihana kūloko. Ua kūʻai aku ʻo Chicago's Commercial Club i $2000 pū mīkini no ka Illinois National Guard no ka hoʻohana kūʻē ʻana i nā mea pepehi. Eia naʻe, ma ka lā 1 o Mei, ua lanakila mua ka neʻe ʻana no nā limahana Chicago he nui. Akā, i ka lā 3 o Mei, 1886, ua kī pū nā mākaʻi i ka lehulehu o ka poʻe paʻi ma ka McCormick Harvester Machine Company, a make ma kahi o hoʻokahi mea pepehi kanaka, hōʻeha nui i ʻelima a ʻeono paha mau mea ʻē aʻe, a hōʻeha i kahi helu i ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua kāhea ʻo Anarchists i kahi hālāwai lehulehu ka aʻe lā ma Haymarket pāhoʻonui e kūʻē i ka hana ʻino.

Ua holo ka halawai me ka pilikia ole, a i ka manawa o ka mea haiolelo hope loa ma ka anuu, ua pau ka halawai i ka ua, a he elua haneri kanaka wale no i koe. He kolamu makai o 180 mau kanaka i hele aku i ka kikohā a kauoha i ka halawai e hoopuehu. I ka pau ʻana o ka hālāwai, ua kiola ʻia kahi pōkā i nā mākaʻi, a make koke kekahi, ʻeono i make ma hope. He kanahiku paha makai i eha. Ua pane aku nā mākaʻi ma ke kī ʻana i ka lehulehu. ʻEhia mau kānaka kīwila i hōʻeha ʻia a i make paha mai nā pōkā makai ʻaʻole i ʻike pono ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ka mea nāna i hoʻolei i ka pōkā, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hanana i kumu e hoʻouka ai i nā anarchists a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hana ma ka laulā. Huli nā mākaʻi i nā hale a me nā keʻena o ka poʻe i manaʻo ʻia he radical, a ua hopu ʻia nā haneli me ka uku ʻole. Ua uhi ʻia ke aupuni weliweli o nā mākaʻi ma luna o Chicago. Ma ka hoʻokau ʻana i nā "hoʻouka" ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana, ua hoʻopuni nā mākaʻi i nā anarchist a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. "E hana mua i ka hoʻouka kaua a nānā i ke kānāwai ma hope!" aʻo lehulehu i ka loio o ka mokuʻāina.

Ua hoʻomāinoino ʻia ka poʻe Anarchist, a ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia he ʻewalu o ka poʻe ikaika loa o Chicago no ke kipi i ka pepehi kanaka e pili ana i ka pana ʻana iā Haymarket. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻaha kangaroo ka hewa a pau, ʻoiai ka nele o nā hōʻike e pili ana i kekahi o lākou i ka mea hoʻolei pōkā, a ua hewa lākou. i hoʻopaʻiʻia e make. Ma ʻOkakopa 9, 1886, ua paʻi ʻia ka puke pai pule ʻo Knights of Labor ma Chicago, kaʻaua hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao 1: "Aʻe hoʻomaka mākou i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ola o nā anarchists i hoʻolaha ʻia ma kahi kolamu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hoʻolaha, kaʻaRied ma ka aoao 14, heluhelu: “O ka moolelo o ka poe anarchist, i hai ia lakou iho; Parsons, Kiu, Fielden, Schwab, Fischer, Lingg, Engle, Neebe. ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻoiaʻiʻo wale nō o nā kāne e ʻōlelo nei ua hoʻopaʻi ʻia lākou e make no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pono o ka ʻōlelo Kūʻokoʻa: ʻO kā lākou hui pū ʻana me Labor, Socialistic and Anarchistic Societies, ko lākou manaʻo e pili ana i nā pahuhopu a me nā mea o kēia mau hui, a pehea lākou e manaʻo ai. e hoʻokō iā lākou; ʻO kā lākou pili pū me ka Chicago Haymarket Affair. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka ka mea kākau o kāna moʻolelo ponoʻī, e hōʻike ʻia ma ka "Naita o ka Hana" i ka wā o ka aʻe ʻekolu mahina, - ka pepa hana nui o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, he pepa pule he 16 ʻaoʻao, e loaʻa ana nā nūhou hou o ka hana haole a me ka home o kēia lā, nā moʻolelo, nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hale, a pēlā aku. o na Naita o ka Limahana, a ua hoolako ia no ke dala uuku o $1.00 o ka makahiki. E hoʻouna i nā kamaʻilio āpau i ka Knights of Labor Publishing Company, 163 Washington St., Chicago, Ill. Ma hope mai ua paʻi kēia puke pai a me ka pepa Alarm i nā autobiographies o nā kāne Haymarket.

Albert Parsons, August Spies, Adolf Fischer a me George Ua kaulia ʻo Engel i ka lā 11 o Nowemapa, 1887. Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo Louis Lingg i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Ua hāʻawi nā luna i nā kino i nā hoaaloha no ke kanu ʻana, a ua mālama ʻia kekahi o nā huakaʻi hoʻolewa nui loa ma ka moʻolelo ʻo Chicago. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma waena o 150,000 a 500,000 ka poʻe i laina i ke ala i hele ʻia e ka hui hoʻolewa o ka Haymarket martyrs. Ua wehe ʻia kahi kia hoʻomanaʻo no nā kāne i pepehi ʻia ma Iune 25, 1893 ma Waldheim Cemetery ma Chicago. ʻO nā mea ʻekolu i koe, ʻo Samuel Fielden, Oskaʻa Ua kala ʻia ʻo Neebe lāua ʻo Michael Schwab i ka makahiki 1893.

Ma ka la 26 o Iune, 1893, ke kiaaina o Ilinoi, John Petero Altgeld, ua hoopuka aku oia i ka olelo kalahala i hoike mai ai oia aole oia e haawi ana i ka kala kala ia no kona manao ua lawa ka eha o na kanaka, aka, no ka hala ole o lakou i ka hewa i hookolokolo ia ai lakou, a me ka poe i kauia. Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia nā kāne i ka hysteria, nā jure piha a me ka luna kānāwai. Ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ka hewa o ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka mea "ʻaʻole i ʻike ka mokuʻāina ʻo wai ka mea nāna i hoʻolei i ka pōkā i make ai ka mākaʻi, a ʻaʻole hōʻike nā hōʻike i kahi pilina ma waena o nā mea i hoʻopiʻi ʻia a me ke kanaka nāna ia i hoʻolei."

ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha no ka makemake o ka mokuʻāina, nā alakaʻi ʻoihana, nā luna o ka hui nui, a me nā media e hūnā i ka mōʻaukala maoli o ka lā Mei. I kāna hoʻāʻo e holoi i ka mōʻaukala a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka lā Mei, ua haʻi ke aupuni o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka lā 1 o Mei ʻo ia ka "Law Law", a hāʻawi i nā limahana ma kahi o ka Lā Hana, ʻo ka Pōʻakahi mua o Kepakemapa - he lā hoʻomaha me ka ʻole o ka mōʻaukala.

Eia naʻe, ma mua o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā neʻe hana a me nā anarchist, ʻo nā hanana o 1886 a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā anarchists Chicago, nā ʻōlelo a ka neʻe no ka lā ʻewalu hola, ua hoʻouluulu i nā mea he nui. Nā hanauna o nā radicals. Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Emma Goldman, he malihini ʻōpio i kēlā manawa, i ka hihia Haymarket i kona hānau ʻana politika. Ma kahi o ka nalo ʻana, ua ulu wale ka neʻe anarchist ma hope o Haymarket.

Ma ke ʻano he limahana, pono mākou e ʻike a hoʻomanaʻo i ka lā o Mei ʻaʻole wale no kona koʻikoʻi mōʻaukala, akā he manawa hoʻi e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā pilikia koʻikoʻi i ka papa hana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka poʻe o kēia mau lā.

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